Experience: How to be a server administrator?

How can I be a server administrator? As a server administrator, what should I do on a daily basis? Including server system management, disk and data management, security management, hardware resource maintenance and management, software management and other 12 items.

1. Server System Management
In general, the management of the server system is the most important part of the overall network management work, especially in the small unit network, the network size of the unit is compared. Small, network equipment is relatively simple, basically it is a fool.

The server system here includes two aspects of the network server and the application server system. The management of the server system is the most important part of the overall network management work, because it is the core of the entire network, whether it is the network operating system itself, or various network servers and application servers.

Specifically, server system management is mainly to install, configure and manage network operating systems, file servers, DNS, WINS, DHCP and other network servers, as well as Web, FTP, E-mail, RAS, NAT, etc. application server. The ultimate goal of server system management is to ensure that the various protocols and services of the server work properly and ensure that the performance indicators of the server function properly. In addition, it is necessary to update the server system version or patch in time, which is not only related to the performance of the server, but also related to the security of the entire network system, because the current operating system continues to have new security vulnerabilities discovered, timely Installing patches can effectively block and fill these security holes.

The current focus and difficulty in server system management is of course the management of various network operating systems. This includes management of various versions of mainstream Windows, Linux, and UNIX network operating systems. The specific management work included in each system is very complicated and complicated, but these are the masters of network administrators. At least, in most small and medium-sized businesses, network administrators should master the management of mainstream Windows and Linux network operating systems. In some large enterprises, or some special industries (such as finance, securities, insurance, etc.), UNIX and Linux systems are the most commonly used, so UNIX and Linux system management is necessary for professional network administrators. Mastered. Of course, management like other application servers is also very important and must be mastered.

2, maintenance and management of key equipment
This is also one of the key points in the entire network management, but also a very important work, especially in the network scale is relatively large, network equipment is relatively high-end In the unit network. Because the unit network system is more dependent on the normal operation of these key devices.

The key devices of a computer network generally include the core switches, core routers, and servers of the network, which are "nodes" in the network. In addition to the need for experience accumulation, the maintenance and management of these nodes can also monitor their working status through some special network management systems, so that problems can be discovered in time, and maintenance and troubleshooting can be performed in time.

In addition, in order to improve the availability of the network, redundant configuration of some key devices is also essential. Redundancy includes two meanings. One is from the port perspective, such as redundant link connection to key devices (such as servers, core switches), so that when one of the ports fails, the other redundant link can take over. The faulty link continues to work normally. The other layer means that two devices or components, such as the power supply, fan, network card, and even memory in the server, can be configured. The core switch and router can also be configured with two. In normal operation, these redundant devices or components act as load balancing, and in the event of a failure in some parts, they act as backups.

In the maintenance and management of critical equipment, the monitoring and management of the overall performance of the server and network is a technical focus and difficulty. Various monitoring and management tools are used, such as the traffic monitoring tool MRTG, the Sniffer class tool for network performance and communication monitoring, the Qcheck and IxChariot tools for bandwidth performance monitoring. Server performance monitoring and management can also be performed using the performance and monitoring management tools that come with the operating system.

Of course, the configuration and management of network equipment is the key and difficult point of the maintenance and management of the entire key equipment. This is almost the consensus of all network management and even network engineering technicians. At present, in terms of key equipment, mainly based on brands such as Cisco and Huawei 3COM, it is necessary for network administrators to master the configuration and management methods of these two major brands.