In-depth introduction to the whole process of Microsoft system startup

It is estimated that everyone is using Microsoft's system now. Microsoft's operating system is powerful, safe and stable, and is favored by computer users. And the xp system we use the oldest and most praised operating system, but if it is slow in the startup process, it will be very troublesome, then why does he start so slow?

Based on INTEL On the computer, the Windows 2000/XP startup process can be roughly divided into five steps: pre-boot, boot, load the kernel, initialize the kernel, and log in to the user.

The following is a separate introduction:

1. Pre-boot First, the computer is powered on for self-test, and the BIOS (that is, the basic input and output system) completes the basic hardware configuration, and then reads the MBR of the hard disk ( The master boot record) checks the hard disk partition table to determine the boot partition and transfers the operating system boot sector on the boot partition into memory for execution, where the NTLDR (Operating System Loader) file is executed. * Windows 2000/XP supports multiple boot. It will first save the existing operating system boot sectors as BOOTSECT.DOS files (located under the active partition root directory) and modify the system boot sector so that the NTLDR file can be loaded at system startup to achieve multiple boot. the goal of. Windows98 does not have this feature, so if you install Windows2000/XP and then install Windows98, it will destroy the boot record of Windows2000/XP, and 2000/XP will not start.

2. Startup 1. First, initialize, NTLDR will convert the processor from real mode to 32-bit protected mode.

2. Read the BOOT.INI file. The file is located in the root directory of the active partition. Its role is to make the system select the menu during the startup process, and the user selects the operating system that you want to start. If you choose to start Windows2000/XP, NTLDR will continue to boot the following process; if you choose to non-Windows2000/XP system, NTLDR will read the system boot sector copy BOTSECT.DOS and boot into the corresponding system. * Where [BOOT LOADER] is the operating system loader, which specifies the default wait time for the system selection menu and the default boot operating system. It can be modified manually or modified in the control panel. For safety reasons, it is recommended to modify it in the control panel. You can change the settings by selecting Control Panel -> System -> Advanced -> Startup and Recovery. (There is another way to run msconfig (system configuration utility) in Windows XP. [OPERATING SYSTEMS] section specifies the list of operating systems. The part enclosed by double quotes is the content displayed in the list, which can be modified arbitrarily. It is more personalized. * A statement in the form of MULTI(0)DISK(0)RDISK(0)PARTITION(1) is called an ARC path. Its format is: MULTI()—— specifies the disk controller ( If it is a SCSI controller, it should be replaced with SCSI()); DISK()—— specifies the SCSI device number (the value is always 0 for MULTI); RDISK()—— specifies the IDE device number (For SCSI, it is ignored here); PARTITION()—— specifies the partition number. Except for the partition number starting from 1, the other numbers start from 0. Parameter /FASTDETECT means disable serial mouse detection, is the system default value There are several common parameters: MAXMEM—— specify the available memory capacity of Windows2000/XP; BASEVIDEO—— use standard VGA display driver; NOGUIBOOT—— no display screen during startup; SOS—— load device driver The name of the program is displayed

* The Chinese font in the operating system selection menu is provided by the BOOTFONT.BIN file located in the root directory of the active partition.

3. The system loads the NTDETECT.COM file. It is detected by it. Machine hardware, such as parallel ports, display adapters, etc., and returns the collected hardware list to NTLDR for later registration in the registry.