Windows 16th Dynasty Dynasty - the heyday

(three) heyday

Windows 95

Windows 95 was the most eye-catching epoch-making operating system that was released on September 24, 1995. Not so much Windows 95 has "blasting" on technology
, but it is worse than Microsoft's success in promotion and marketing. In fact, the life cycle of Windows 3.1 has been dragged on for a long time, 16-bit system is a great waste for the 386, 486 processors that appear later, and Windows 3.1 also needs to be built in MS-DOS
Above, so Microsoft sells two products to users at the same time in order to make Windows work properly, which makes everyone feel awkward. The biggest reason is that users and developers are very dissatisfied with the defects of the original system. For example, the so-called multi-task is a round-robin type. If an application is dropped, the whole system will be lost. So Microsoft must convert its personal desktop system to 32-bit and inherit legacy applications -- so users can accept it. Previously, Windows NT was strongly resisted by individual users because of its poor compatibility with 16-bit programs and slower.

Windows 95 was originally planned to come out earlier. At that time, Microsoft and Intel originally planned to let Windows 95 and Pentium (Pentium) processors go public, but unfortunately the development of Windows 95 lags behind, and Intel has to change its plan. In 1994, I released Pentium as scheduled. I don't know if it is a good thing or a bad thing. I think this is more beneficial to Microsoft's Windows 95. Because many users have updated their hardware, the demand for software is even stronger.

Microsoft's Windows NT 3.51 is exactly the perfect solution for building Lan with Windows 95. This is a solid step for Microsoft to replace Novell as the leader of Lan. Later that year, on December 31, Microsoft released Windows. The first revision of 95: Windows 95 Service Release 1 (95a), the following year Microsoft has revised the Windows 95 again, and released Windows 95 OSR2 (OEM Service Release 2, 95b) for the OEM market. In OSR2, One of the most important features is that Microsoft introduced the FAT32 file system, and the previous FAT file system was renamed FAT16 to support hard disk partitions larger than 2GB. In addition, Microsoft's web browser IE (Microsoft Internet Explorer) was also integrated. Come in, in fact, it is accurately integrated into the system in OSR1. Don't forget, this time the browser's overlord is Netscape, Microsoft's advantage of Windows, with free and constantly improving IE, finally defeated Netscape in a few years.

From the context, Windows 95 is the successor of Windows for Workgroups 3.11, but many people have turned from Windows 3.1 (Chinese 3.2), even MS-DOS
, Therefore, they are deeply impressed by their power. But from the technology
point of view, Windows 95 can only be considered a compromise, because this system is a 16-bit and 32-bit mixed "monster". Because Microsoft is not able to completely rewrite all system kernels in order to be compatible with 16-bit Windows applications, it only uses 16-bit system kernels to "Run", while 32-bit software runs in new system kernels. The mission system has also been changed to a preemptive multitasking mechanism. In terms of the stability of the system, it is much better than the previous Win16, but it is not very good, and it is far worse than NT.

Originally Microsoft wanted to continue the development of MS-DOS
, so there was a beta version of MS-DOS
at the time, but later the boss of Microsoft changed his mind. They integrated the most recent part of MS-DOS
7 into Windows 95, and completely stopped the retail version of MS-DOS
(because users are from their own products) Grabbed). In this way, only IBM and other manufacturers continue to sell DOS
products, and they are not working hard. Everyone has seen that the DOS
system is completely out of play, and they all ran to Widnows 95. Above.

Windows built-in 32-bit CP/IP stack network support, completely improved the flaws of Windows for Workgroups 3.11 on the Internet; the system itself has a dial-up network, no need to install third-party software; in the user interface, Microsoft carefully studied the user's operating habits, introduced the start menu, right-click pop-up menu, "paste", "copy", as long as a finger can be completed. Plug and Play thoroughly standardized the situation of hardware specifications at the time, which was very beneficial to the development of multimedia applications. In fact, in the interface, the entire system is basically equivalent to redesigned, so that the mocking of those Mac users completely closed.

The 32-bit operating system also provides enhanced multimedia compatibility, integrating the necessary networking features for mobile computing. In memory management, system overhead is much smaller than Windows NT, but a lot of compromises have been made. For example, the file system does not support Unicode and system-level security.

Hundred Times

Windows NT 4.0

Windows NT 4.0 was officially released on August 24, 1996. This is an important upgrade for NT 3.51, with improvements in simpler management features, higher network performance, and a full suite of tools for developing and managing intranets. In the case of the server version, it also includes faster file and print services, application robustness support, standard communication features, and Web server software (IIS).

Windows NT Workstation interface is similar Windows 95, which is easier to use than previous versions, has comprehensive network support and provides a secure and easy way to access the Internet and the company's intranet.

Like Windows NT 3.51, Windows NT 4 is mainly divided into two versions, but there are also enterprise versions in the later stage, which enables more advanced network technologies
such as clusters. NT 4 support for multiple processors varies from version to version, workstation version only supports 2 SMPs, and server version supports 4 to 8 SMPs (may vary with OEMs); NT 4 also introduces component object The support of model(COM)technology
is very important for Microsoft to strengthen its entry into the enterprise market.

Windows NT Server 4.0, Enterprise Edition

Windows NT Server 4.0 Enterprise Edition was released in December 1997. This version is actually designed by Microsoft for large enterprises. Because the network is too complex, there are strict requirements for performance and stability. For example, cluster technology
is indispensable. This release supports Microsoft Transaction Server, Microsoft Message Queue Server (MSMQ), Cluster Service, Windows NT Server Load Balancing Service, and supports large SMP multiprocessor servers and memory-enhanced applications.

After 1998, Microsoft's new NT operating system no longer put "NT" in its name; for example: Windows 2000.

Windows NT Server 4.0, Terminal Server Edition

Windows NT Server 4.0 Terminal Server Edition was released in 1998. This version actually allows the 32-bit Windows operating system to perform terminal services on the desktop. It is very important for the enterprise to deploy the thin client, so that the application can be executed on the server, which is good for network management and cost saving.

Windows 98

Windows 98 was released on June 25, 1998. As an upgraded version of Windows 95, the slogan of Windows 98 is: work better, play more cool! (Works Better, Plays Better) This is Microsoft's first Windows designed for a specific user.

At the beginning of Windows 98, Microsoft integrated IE browser to system resources, file browsing management, and Microsoft will help display with hyperlinks. The new version of IE also provides a toolbar for users. The program can be executed quickly, and there is also a channel toolbar that gives users quick access to the Microsoft partner's website in their area. At the same time, the desktop is also integrated with IE. Active Desktop allows users to browse web pages in specific areas of the desktop. Windows 98 opens and closes applications faster. In multimedia, the system supports DVD playback. On the hardware, Windows 98 is the first operating system that Microsoft officially supports USB bus. Previous Windows 95 was only some of OSR2. USB support is only available in the version.

Why Microsoft is eager to integrate IE in Windows 98? This is because Microsoft is facing antitrust lawsuits at this time. Netscape and other companies accuse Microsoft of using the advantages of the operating system to crowd out other companies' browsers. Under such circumstances, Microsoft said that IE is an important part of Windows 98 and is indispensable; so there is no need to bear the monopoly of the crime, and it is not affected by the Windows 98 sales plan (once the court referee, let Microsoft from Windows 98 stripped IE, it is bound to delay the time to market.) On November 22, 1998, a man named Shane Brooks developed a software to strip IE from Windows 98, so there was a Windows 98 without IE; but this fact has not changed.

On May 5, 1999, Microsoft officially released Windows 98 Second Edition (Second Edition). This version is a bug fix for the previous game, and the increase in functionality is small. The main improvement is to upgrade the version of IE to 5.0 and join the Internet conferencing software Netmeeting 3.0. The system is also bundled with DirectX 6.1, which has better support for multimedia applications, and shared links can be used on the Internet.