Unix learning method

        For some people who want to learn Linux and are learning Linux system, I hope to become a master of linux or even Unix. I have been working on Unix for many years. I want to introduce my own experience.

Unix has many branches, so I won't go into details here. Generally speaking, it mainly includes: Linux, Solaris, HP-UNIX, AIX, SCO, BSD, AS400, etc. The average person is proficient in 2 to 3 categories, and can quickly master other systems by touching the class. Here is my experience:

1. Basic learning

Buy a book on Linux basics, mainly about basic theories and basic commands, such as: "Linux Foundation", "Redhat 9.0 System" The administrator completely learns the manual; or download some basic information online. Systematically read a book and practice basic commands in a Linux system (you can install a virtual machine with vmware). (Since Linux, it's because Linux is relatively simple or easy to get started with other Unix systems.)

2. Configuring the server

You can try to configure a web server or FTP server or mail. Server (sendmail) or other application server such as: vpn (pptp or ipsec). Don't pursue perfection when you first start configuration, as long as you implement the basic functions. This part can basically be achieved by copying the steps of the book.

3. Software Installation and Server Management

You can try to install some source programs (do not use rpm package installation or installation with install), via ./configure make make install, etc. Steps to master the compilation and installation of the program. At the same time master the daily management methods of Linux servers: such as log management, process management, backup and recovery methods, user management, rights management, etc., basically become a Linux system administrator. You can also increase your skills and experience by visiting websites or forums on linux technology.

Note: Many people have been learning or using Linux for many years, but the level is only here.

4. Change thinking

If you have learned the basics of Linux and are simple Configure some application servers, and master the basic usage of the command, then you need to replace Synovate, learn about the Linux architecture, and understand the Linux system architecture, such as the role of the etc directory /usr/bin /usr/What is the role of spool /var /opt, what are the features of the ext3 file system, and so on. Look at the Linux system differently from Synovate. At the same time, you can try to compile the kernel, and be familiar with the functional modules in the kernel. Through the knowledge of the kernel, you can gain some insight into some of the core technologies of Linux.

5. Learning other Unix systems

If you are basically familiar with Linux systems, you can now learn other systems, such as: Solaris, AIX, BSD, etc..., after all, a lot of important The server is not a Linux system. Many systems can be installed on a virtual machine, such as installing a Solaris x86 virtual machine or downloading a SCO virtual machine from the Internet or......... systematically learning the system on a virtual machine, familiar with its architecture, and comparing it with Linux What is different. For some dedicated systems, there are also good people on the Internet to publish test machine information, you can log in remotely to learn (do not delete files or destroy 哟). In the process of learning other systems, you can visit the BBS forum of the relevant system to see how other people's problems are solved. If you are familiar with Linux systems, learning other Unix systems should be quick. Of course, if your company has some servers such as SUN880 or HP server or IBM server, you should soon become an experienced solaris/HP-UNIX/AIX master.

6. Learning shell programming

As a really good Unix system administrator, do not understand shell programming is absolutely impossible (note is absolute), because in the Unix system, many are shells The script program, mastered the shell programming technology, you can thoroughly understand the operation of the program in the Unix system. And for Unix systems, many system management can be achieved by writing shell scripts, such as automatic backup, automatic checking of network disconnection and sending email notifications, automatic checking VPN status, collecting PPTP user dial-in information, and so on. Proficient in shell programming, allowing you to easily manage and control Unix systems.

7. Learning C Programming

I won't say much about this step. After all, there is very little Unix system management at this level (except for developers). Many programs in Unix are written in C. With programming techniques, you can write applications under Unix.

8. Make your own Unix distribution

If you do kernel compilation, program reduction, system optimization, etc. for Linux, you can make your own Unix system. There are too many Linux distributions, but they are all Linux kernels, but the files are not organized in the same way. We can't make a system like Redhat or Debian, but we can make small dedicated systems, such as making a dedicated web server or a dedicated gateway firewall system.